The main crop diseases and fungicides uses in China

Statistically, more than 700 kinds of crop diseases have appeared in China and 300 of them occurred frequently on main crops, affected 113.39 million ha of planted area and 153.41 ha of the area was treated at present. China total fungicides consumption amount to 700,000 tons per year, consisting of more than 60 technicals and 400 formulations, taking a 27% proportion of China’s overall pesticide consumption.

The common diseases have cause serious damages to Chinese agriculture as their frequencies and coverage. The three main diseases, the rice sheath blight, the wheat sharp eyespot and powdery mildew have affected the crop area of 16.675 million ha, 8 million ha and 7.33 million ha respectively. Consecutive outbreaks of the diseases have caused considerable damages to the crops as well. Another notable trend is that some minor diseases have infested more and more area in recent years. For example, the false smut, a minor disease in rice, which averagely affected 0.4 million ha of the area for the past few years, has become an epidemic in southern China. Another minor disease in rice, stripe disease, with the coverage of 0.13 million ha per year, has become a major disease in rice-growing provinces such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui. Moreover, there are relatively less measures on solving the problems on some cash crops and new diseases.

The fungicide is playing a more and more important role in crop planting. From 2000 to 2009, the fungicide demand in China has grown by 21%, and the consumption in recent ten years has grown by 28.2%. The triazole fungicides are enjoying greater and greater demand with its 48% growth from 2000 to 2011. Figures have shown that China’s total use of fungicide amount to 66,915 tons in the year of 2009. The formulation used in the highest volume was validamycin, consumption of valdamycin reached to 37,537 tons. The next largest volume consumption was 19,066 tons of carbendazim, 14,582 tons of copper sulfate and 10,316 tons of triadimefon. The other top products consumed less than 10,000 tons. In descending order, they were: ethylenebisdithiocarbomate, tricyclazole, thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, copper hydroXide, isoprothiolane, fenaminosulf.

There are still some deficiencies in fungicide applications in despite of its increasing consumption. The less choice of controlling bacterial, viral and nematode problems have caused impact on some crops like cucumber, melon and tomato. The common chemical synthesized nematicide sprayed in orchards is unwelcomed by the grower as its high toxicity, large dosage and high cost. The copper and sulphur products have caused many damages to the crops in the past, however, some high active products such as triazole fungicide products have resulted damages to rice and wheat. The worsening pesticide resistance and residual problems are affecting fungicide usage as well.

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