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China's grape production ranks first in the world, what is the grape pesticide registration status in China?qrcode

Jul. 9, 2020

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Jul. 9, 2020

In recent years, China's grape planting area and production output have continued to grow. Up to end of 2016, China's total grape planting area reached 809,600 hectares which is only next to Spain, ranking second in the world while production output reached 13.745 million tons, ranking first in the world ever since 2010. 

 

1.Registration of Pesticides for Grape Production in China


As per China Pesticide Registration Watch, to July 1, 2019, there have been 662 pesticide registrations for application to grape production in China, including five herbicides, four insecticides, 565 fungicides and 88 plant growth regulators. So far, pesticides registered for use in grapes are mostly fungicides and plant growth regulators.


1)Registration of Insecticides for Grape Production


According to statistics, there are more than 130 kinds of grape pests in China, including 10 which are very harmful pest and are widely distributed. However, there are only four registered insecticides – sulfoxaflor for control of mirids, matrine for control of aphids, celastrus angulatus for control of green plant bug and thiamethoxam for control of scale insect.


2)Registration of Fungicides for Grape Production


There are about 10 kinds of grape diseases occurring seriously or very serious in specific regions, including grape anthrax, grape white rot, grape downy mildew, grape black pox, grape white powder, grape gray mold, grape brown blotch, grape black rot and grape leaf diseases. According to statistics, 339 single-agent fungicides and 226 mixtures have been registered for use in grapes, of which control of grape downy mildew has the largest number of registrations, numbering 332, followed by registrations for control of white rot, gray mold and white powder.


Statically speaking, registrations for use in grapes are more concentrated on fungicides, which are very homogenized. Among the 565 fungicide products, only 137 active ingredients are involved.


Registered single-agent fungicides involve less than 10 kinds of active ingredients, which account for 80 percent of the registered single-agent fungicides, being quite decentralized. Dimethomorph and azoxystrobin are of the largest number of single-agent fungicide registrations, each with 47 registrations. The rest are: 36 registrations of mancozeb, 21 of thiram, 18 of boscalid, one of cyazofamid, 11 of chlorothalonil and hexaconazole each, nine of difenoconazole, procymidone and pyrimidine nucleosides each (Refer to Table 1).


Table 1   Registration of Single Agent Fungicides for Grape Production

Registered   Active Ingredient

 

Qty

 

%

 

Dimethomorph

47

13.86

Azoxystrobin

47

13.86

Mancozeb

36

10.62

Thiram

21

6.19

Boscalid

18

5.31

Cyazofamid

17

5.01

Chlorothalonil

11

3.24

Hexaconazole

11

3.24

Difenoconazole

9

2.65

Procymidone

9

2.65

Pyrimidine nucleosides

9

2.65

Cyprodinil

8

2.36

Flusilazole

7

2.06

Penconazole

6

1.77

Pyraclostrobin

5

1.47

Propineb

5

1.47

Misc.

73

21.53


Among the registered mixtures, carbendazim.thiram mixture has the largest number of registrations, at 46, accounting for 20.35% of all mixture registrations. The number of registrations for metalaxyl.mancozeb, difenoconazole.pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin.metiram, dimethomorph.cyazofamid and boscalid.pyraclostrobin have all exceeded 10 (Refer to Table 2). Nearly 60% of the mixture products are mixtures between 10 kinds of active ingredients including pyraclostrobin, carbendazim, thiram, difenoconazole, dimethomorph, metalaxyl, metiram, cyazofamid, boscalid and chlorothalonil. Among them, 69 mixtures contain pyraclostrobin, followed by 58 containing thiram and 47 containing carbendazim.


Table 2   Registration of Fungicide Mixtures for Grape Production

Registered Fungicide Mixtures

 

Qty

 

%

 

carbendazim.thiram

46

20.35

metalaxyl.mancozeb

14

6.19

difenoconazole.pyraclostrobin

13

5.75

pyraclostrobin.metiram

12

5.31

dimethomorph.cyazofamid

11

4.87

boscalid.pyraclostrobin

10

4.42

dimethomorph.pyraclostrobin

7

3.1

pyraclostrobin.cyazofamid

6

2.65

chlorothalonil.thirma

6

2.65

difenoconazole.azoxystrobin

5

2.21

Misc.

96

42.48


3)Registration of Plant Growth Regulators for Grape Production


At present, gibberellic acid has the largest number of registrations with 27, followed by forchlorfenuron and thidiazuron, which encompass respectively 13 and 11 products. There are 59 registrations of the three single agents and the mixtures of the two of the three, accounting for 67.05% of the total registrations of plant growth regulators for use in grapes (Refer to Table 3).


Table 3   Registration of Plant Growth Regulators for Grape Production

Registered   Active Ingredient      Qty

 

%

 

gibberellic acid                      27

30.68

forchlorfenuron                      13

14.77

thidiazuron                        11

12.5

abscisic acid                         6

6.82

cyanamide                        4

4.55

gibberellic acid.thidiazuron            5

5.68

gibberellic acid. Forchlorfenuron     3

3.41

benzylamine.gibberellic acid           3

3.41

propionyl brassinolide               3

3.41

Misc.                             13

14.77


2. Analysis of Pesticide Registration for Green-Food Grade Grape Production 

 

Among the registrations, there are 17 active ingredients being qualified for use in grade AA green-food production as per the requirement of NY/T393-2013. There are 68 product registrations in this regard, including 2 insecticides, 29 fungicides and 37 plant growth regulators. The registered plant growth regulators are mostly based on biochemical originations except the abscisic acid of microbial origin. Among them, there are 27 gibberellic acid registrations. (Refer to Table 4). 


Table 4   Pesticide Registrations Qualified for Use in Grade AA Green-Food Production

Category

 

Ingredient

 

Pesticide Type

Use

 

Qty

 

 

Purpose of

 

 

 

 

 

 

Plant/animal

 

 

 

 

Celangulin

Physcion

Matrine

 

Osthole

Sophora.Osthole

Eugenol

Polyoxins

Pyrimidine Nucleosides

Insecticide

Fungicide

Insecticide

Fungicide

Fungicide

Fungicide

Fungicide

Fungicide
  Fungicide

1

1

1

3

2

1

1

1

9

green plant bug

white powder

aphid & downy mildew

gray,anthrax,downy

white powder

downy mildew

downy mildew

anthrax

white powder

Microbial

 

Trichoderma Harzianum

Trichoderma

Fungicide

Fungicide

1

1

downy mildew

gray mold

 

 

 

Bio/chemical

 

Abscisic acid

Oligosaccharins

Gibberellic acid

Heteroauxin

Propionyl brassinolide

Plant growth regulator

Plant growth regulator

Plant growth regulator

Plant growth regulator

Plant   growth regulator

7

1

27

1

1

colorant

downy   mildew

yield   increase

growth   regulation

growth   regulation

 

Mineral

 

Bordeaux mixture

Cupric hydroxide

Lime sulphur

Fungicide

Fungicide

Fungicide

4

3

2

downy mildew

downy   mildew

white powder


Statistics show that the pesticide categories which are qualified for use in grade A green-food production as per NY/T393-2013 include: 28 insecticides, 8 miticides, 1 molluscicide, 40 fungicides, 2 fumigants, 44 herbicides and 7 plant growth regulators. Thiamethoxam is the only insecticide registered as applicable to grape production. Moreover, sulfoxaflor was launched to market at a date later than the release of the industry standard and is therefore not included in the list. Twenty-four single-agent fungicides are being registered for use in grapes. Glufosinate is the only applicable one among herbicides. For plant growth regulators, there are only three products – forchlorfenuron, thidiazuron and naphthylacetic acid.



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