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PINEYE® Emulsion: A new green antitranspirant adjuvant and its effect on plant diseases control

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On the agricultural adjuvant market, the plant antitranspirants were identified as metabolic type, film-forming type and reflecting type. PINEYE^® Emulsion is an eco-friendly non-toxic and non-ionic film forming adjuvant, which forms an elastic film on the surface of plants and increases the diffusion resistance of stoma’s effects on water vapor and carbon dioxide (CO₂), as well as decreases the content of moisture diffused into the air. Meanwhile, the properties of PINEYE^® Emulsion change the leaf water potential and improve the photosynthetic rate during drought conditions.

*Type of Antitranspirant*	*Product*
Metabolic (Stomatal closing)	Phenyl mercuric acetate(PMA), ABA, FA
Film forming	Cetyl Alcohol, Polyvinyl chloride, Ethyl alcohol, Polyethylene, Polypropylene
Reflecting	Kaoline, Kaolinite, Hydrated lime, Calcium carbonate, Magnesium carbonate, Zinc sulphate

Table 1. General types of plant antitranspirant.

In the last 20 years, similar adjuvants mixed with fungicides showed results that the ingredients can be used as potentiating agent. The active ingredients of PINEYE^® Emulsion were extracted from pine trees, which have friendly bioactive properties with the blade surface of plants. When PINEYE^® Emulsion is mixed with water, the film features offer a supplementary permeability, which not only reduces the transpiration property of plants, but also help the fungicides access the hairy or waxy blade surface evenly. A test shows the improvement on the contact combination system between microdroplet and fungicides.

Fig 1. Extention performance test of PINEYE® Emulsion

Downy mildew is a disease of the foliage, caused by a fungus-like organism. It is spread by airborne spores and moisture as the infection is favored by prolonged leaf wetness. (RHS Gardening) Especially during the rainy days in the late spring and early summer, the risk of infection is high because of the multiple rainfall and moderate to high temperatures. Downy mildew can reduce the yield by 20-40%. The disease causes serious economic losses to the growing industry.

Fig 2. The monthly temperature and rainfall in the farming areas in the world. Chart edited by Foreverest Resources Ltd. Data resource from The World Bank Group.

According to reports on diseases from central and north China, after the invasion of the pathogen into the host, a large number of spores can be produced on the infected leaves when the incubation period is four to five days and the relative humidity is up to 83%. A study (Cohen Y, 1971) result shows that the temperature suitable for production and spreading of spores was 15-20°C. A Chinese researcher also proved that the content of leaf chlorophyll was proportional to the intensity of plant disease resistance (Yun Xingfu, 1993). PINEYE^® Emulsion can reduce the stomatal opening and the transpiration rate of plants, as well as improve the structure mode of water. Under certain conditions, it also increases the content of leaf chlorophyll and improves plant disease resistance indirectly.

Disease control is further reduced through loss of fungicide due to wind and rain

Over the past half century, the disease control experience showed that downy mildew has been resistant to conventional fungicides such as Metalaxyl and fosety-Al (Wang Wenqiao, 2000). Bio-based fungicides have become the market trend and has achieved breakthrough in the prevention and control of downy mildew.

Fig 3. PINEYE® Emulsion is mixing with water at high purity.

According to the mixing rate, PINEYE^® Emulsion offers differences of purposes. It can be used as an extender, wetting dispersant, sticker, release control and antitranspirant. The spraying in early spring, late summer and autumn windy days can prevent the infestation by downy mildew effectively. The active ingredients will disinfect the number of spores and the density of the disease on the infected leaves. There are a few success stories from Egypt. PINEYE^® Emulsion also has an inhibition effect on other plant disease control, such as Botrytis cinerea, cucumber target spot, avocado scab, leaf blotch and powdery mildew.

Table 2. The bio-based monomers used for plant diseases control

*Active Ingredient*	*Usage*	*Target Pest and Host*
gamma-Terpinene	Fungicide Insecticide	Crop protection Control of fleas and cockroaches Powdery mildew on fruitsand vegetables and early blight on potatoes Spodoptera littoralis, Aphis fabae, Hemiptera, Aphididae, Lepidoptera, Noctuidae
alpha-Terpinene	*Fungicide	Crop protection Control of various fungal pathogens *Powdery mildew on fruitsand vegetables and early blight on potatoes
alpha-Terpineol	*Fungicide	Crop protection Control of various fungal pathogens *Powdery mildew on fruitsand vegetables and early blight on potatoes
alpha-Pinene	Fungicide Insecticide	Crop protection Control of various fungal pathogens Powdery mildew on fruitsand vegetables and early blight on potatoes Microplus
beta-Pinene	Fungicide Insecticide	Crop protection Control of various fungal pathogens Powdery mildew on fruitsand vegetables and early blight on potatoes Microplus
Terpinolene	*Bactericide	*Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli
Para-cymene	*Fungicide	Crop protection Control of various fungal pathogens *Powdery mildew on fruitsand vegetables and early blight on potatoes
Terpinen-4-ol	Fungicide Microbiocide *Animal feed additive	Crop protection Control of various fungal pathogens *Powdery mildew on fruitsand vegetables and early blight on potatoes
1,8-Cineole	Fungicide Herbicides *Insecticide	Crop protection Control of various fungal pathogens Powdery mildew on fruitsand vegetables and early blight on potatoes Herbicides *Microplus
Citronella oil	Fungicide Herbicide Insecticide Repellent	Various insects Body lice, gnats, flies, wasps and dengue fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) Ragwort Target host: Grass, rough areas, greencover
Eugenol	Insecticide Fungicide Bactericide Herbicide	Aphids, armyworms, beetles, cutworms, mites, weevils, various flies of the Order Diptera, Botrytis Top fruits, citrus, grapes
Ocimene	Insecticide, Semiochemical Pheromone Fungicide	Leaf cutter ant Carnation ring spot (CaRSV), carnation vein mottle viruses
Pine oil from 50% to 85%	*Fungicide	*Broad spectrum of activity against pest insects and plant pathogenic fungi
Pine tar	Preservation Repellent	*Reptiles and insects

ABOUT COMPANY

Foreverest Resources is a Chinese company that has 20 years of experience in the export and trading of bio-based chemical raw materials. Its core range focuses on gum turpentine derivatives for agrochemical application, eco-green, non-toxic, specialty for agri fungicides, adjuvants, fertilizers and bio-pesticides. We support your innovation and OEM programs.

Manager: Richard Hu

Website: https://foreverest.cn/products

Email: info@foreverest.cn