Take a look at how technology makes smart and sustainble farming

Technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) has made its way into our lives and businesses.

According to the U.S. Farmers and Ranchers Alliance (USFRA), technology is about more than better and faster, it's also about sustainability. For farmers and ranchers, this translates into how food is grown and raised and the role technology is playing on the farm.

Farmers are using technology - moisture sensors, drones, smart irrigation, terrain contour mapping, self-driving and GPS enabled tractors - to produce food more sustainably. According to the Future of Agriculture in The Economist, farms are being 'teched up' when it comes to growing food to be both sustainable but profitable. This is a good thing because between 2016 and 2050, the earth's population is expected to grow to 9.7 billion.

Investment in AgTech continues to rise with AgTech companies taking in more than $1.75 billion during the first half of 2016. Today's farms and ranches are using a heady mix of data, math, hardware and software, sensors and analysis to go beyond what the eye can see. Technology like multispectral analysis lets a farmer see which crops are doing well by looking at how the plants absorb or reflect different wavelengths of sunlight.

Cassia Networks, an IoT solutions provider, says ranchers now have the ability to continuously monitor the status of all their cows at one time. This includes everything from wearables on cows to monitor their health, location and behavior, controlling water troughs and feeders and even management of the irrigation system for the pastures.

Sensors of all types are being deployed in the earth and from the air. For example, put a multispectral sensor on a drone and the data it captures will enable farmers to better predict how crops should be watered. Or put the same sensor on a tractor that's fertilizing the soil and it will be able to see which crops are in need of more or less nitrogen. In the ground, in-field water sensors can help pinpoint the best times and rates for site-specific areas irrigation.

In a recent survey by the USFRA, 56% of consumers said they expect farmers and ranchers to use new technologies and innovations to protect the environment.

“Most consumers understand the notion of ‘smart’ as a descriptor for the innovation and technology that helps improve our lives – we have smart phones, smart homes, smart classrooms,” said Randy Krotz, CEO, US Farmers & Ranchers Alliance "Similar to other forward-thinking industries, American agriculture is employing science and technology to help build a smarter, more tech-savvy and more sustainable version of the American family farm.”

Krotz says that technology is having a real impact on farms. He predicts these five farming trends will continue to help farmers be more sustainable through technology.

• Self-Driving Tractors. In early 2016, New Holland announced a self driving tractor. With self-driving tractors and GPS enabled tractors, farmers can program routes so it can navigate its way across the field. The farmer drives hands-free while navigating more precisely and is able to manage other aspects of their business from the cab of the tractor.
• FitBits for Cows. In the same way that humans use fitneses trackers, the same type of wearables can be used to check cows's vitals including their temperature, activity and behavior (eating, sleeping, lameness, gait) which in turn helps farmers improve cow health and comfort. An IoT dairy tech start up in India, StellApps makes wearables just for cows.
• GPS technology. John Deere installed GPS technology on its tractors in 2001. GPS technology on tractors and other equipment helps farmers with field mapping, soil sampling and crop scouting. It also allows them to work during low visibility field conditions such as rain, dust and fog and maximize efficiency.
• Water Use and Precision. Companies like CropX are using sensors to detect moisture in the soil and help farmers create irrigation systems for crops based on soil moisture and temperature. This type of technology can help farmers become more sustainable by customizing water applications to the soil. According to Krotz, technology like drip tape irrigation for vegetable and fruit farmers provide irrigation pipes with holes that are laid along the ground reducing evaporation and use less water than traditional flood or sprinkler irrigation.
• GM crops. Drought resistant GM crops and Bt crops - a bacteria that naturally produces a crystal protein toxic to many pest insects but allows farmers to use fewer, and in some instances, no pesticides - are two examples of how biotechnology can be used by farmers to farm more sustainably. Genetically engineered crops that can fight diseases are saving foods and the industries that grow them. Krotz sites that genetic engineering was used to save the Hawaiian Rainbow papaya from a virus which threatened to wipe the crop out.

“Agriculture can bridge the gap between the acceptance of innovation that is a part of consumers’ everyday lives with the technology - and the insights it delivers - being used daily on today’s farms and ranches,” added Krotz, “Today’s SMART farms use data and technology to become faster, more efficient, more nimble, more equipped to protect our planet’s resources while still growing and producing the world’s very best food supply. That’s the very definition of continual improvement or sustainability.”